Essay about The Endless Day - 674 Words

As I wake up, I force open my eyes breaking through what the sandman has deposited from the night before. I must have slept with my mouth open because I can taste the stale saliva that is now in my mouth, making me desperately want a glass of water. Rolling over to the edge of my bed I started gazing lazily at my small and cluttered room. My eyes pass around my room and over the different girls in bikini posters that multiple friends have given me over the years until I reach my alarm clock, seven-thirty. My job as a professional bale piler begins at eight so I rush through my shower, wolf down my miniscule breakfast, and drive to work. During the drive to work I am mentally preparing myself for the sun, the heat and the wind of every day†¦show more content†¦The intake of air is shriveling my lungs to where they want to scream â€Å"Not another breath!† The seat of my jeans is now soaked through with sweat. Along with my wet seat my long sleeve plaid western shirt is sticking to my skin, making me irritable. Being trapped in this stifling heat and wet clothes is driving me close to insanity! I should learn to accept the heat by now considering that it is July, the hottest and driest part of the feared Nebraskan summer, and every July and August I end up piling these god-forsaken hay bales on my employer’s yellow-green, cab-less tractor. Sitting upon the seat that was worn completely through from the countless hours of many different people the merciless heat bakes me. Looking around the barren and flat field I can see no movement except for the heat waves that are dancing around the crisp hay bales. Then comes a godsend, or so I thought. At first, it was the most wonderful feeling. The warm breeze tickled my face; teasing me into thinking I could survive the heat. The wondrous feeling of coolness sweeping over me as the breeze hits my wet face lasted only a few precious moments, when the hard, cruel reality set in. Within a few minutes my face had dried up and now was starting to feel like a raisin. Once my face was completely dry, the excruciating wind beat upon it like Donkey Kong beats upon hisShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Graveyard Book704 Words   |  3 Pagesdemonstrated throughout the novel is that life is full of endless possibilities and relationships are a key part of our identity. This novel teaches us about ourselves and the experiences that we have with our relationships with other people in our life with the endless possibilities. Gaiman displays that fictional novels teach us that life is full of endless possibilities. The opportunities that we have in our life can lead to us having endless possibilities that we can succeed. When Silas is tellingRead MoreReading Behind The Beautiful Forevers1632 Words   |  7 Pagesyou see hope as a vessel to your desired outcome in life. Scavenging in Mumbai is no easy job, requiring many children to put their lives on the line everyday just make ends meet or some cases to accomplish long-desired goals that personifies the endless hope one can possess. Sunil, a scavenger who kicked out of his orphanage at eleven years’ old soon learned the hardships of living on your own in a time and place where everyone around you struggled. Yet, this never deterred Sunil from accomplishingRead MoreThe Internet Benefits The Human Race993 Words   |  4 Pagesbeautiful and complex they are. People think that just because we are in a war or dispute with another country that everybody in that country is bad, or a threat. Through the internet you can see where people live, and how they’re trying to survive every day. Sure there might be bad people in that country, but which country doesn’t have bad people in it. As you read more about a country, it might change the way you feel about them. If the internet can cha nge the way you feel about a country, it can easilyRead MoreAn Endless Runner Game For Smartphones And Tablets Based On The Hit Television1529 Words   |  7 PagesI have developed an endless runner game for smartphones and tablets based on the hit television show, Breaking Bad. Breaking Bad tells the story of Walter White, an ordinary chemistry teacher who finds out that he has cancer and Jesse Pinkman, a local street gangster who befriends Walter. Both Walter and Jesse decides to produce methamphetamine in order for Walter to pay for his medical bills and support his family. With the added advantage of Walter’s knowledge in chemistry, their product takesRead MorePersuasive Essay On Euthanasia973 Words   |  4 Pagesmorals. In both situations, the patient is willingly taking their life, which is deemed wrong by the members of society. That being said, the Bible was written countless years ago when they didn’t have terminal illnesses, such as cancer. In those days, people would live to be about 150 years old, whereas now they only live to be an average of 75 years old. This change is caused by the chemicals that we put in our food and our lack of healthy choices. For example, approximately 1,200,000 new casesRead MoreThe Importance Of Lifeful Life1102 Words   |  5 Pagestheir journey with a goal in mind and as they keep living they keep adding more goals to their timeline. Such is an endless cycle, which most consider living. Ever since they are kids they have been told what to do, and they followed blindly. In our current society everyone is suppose to study because such will brighten their future, with such thought in mind they begin their endless journey of ‘tomorrow’. As for example the majority of people wants to finish high school to go to college and get aRead MoreRelationship betwe en Man and Nature in Emerson and Thoreau.816 Words   |  3 Pagesto be build to change in life styles. Men are actually lacking in maintaining their potential of our characters as they only got to depend on one another and adapting others life style, they tend to be cruel and egoistic when they comes to their endless desire and wants whereby the human being are not realizing the consequences of these. Man always tend to show off and adapt others life style which at the end results in scares of resources and their consequences. Emerson and Thoreau’s judgmentRead MoreLiterary Devices In Waiting For Godot770 Words   |  4 Pageslife of Vladimir and Estragon in Waiting for Godot simply consists of trying to pass time while waiting for a stranger named Godot to arrive. There seems to be a lack of major meaning and purpose to their lives, and unfortunately it does contain endless suffering. Samuel Beckett portrays the solution for their problem as making their own choices an d taking action in life. However, neither Vladimir nor Estragon are able to comprehend this solution. These characters rarely manage to make a consciousRead MoreNo Escape From The Incessant Dream918 Words   |  4 Pageswork. Their job is to make the American Dream possible for others. They are all living proof that the American Dream is possible, yet is it possible for everyone? Every day many reap the benefits for carrying out their dream; for not giving up when things seemed to be most bleak. Every day someone else has a dream, and every day many act on it. The American Dream is a derivative of the principles upon which this nation was founded. This nation was founded by people who had a desire for freedom andRead MoreSpeech Outline- Life of a Working College Student949 Words   |  4 PagesDays of Your Life 1 Days of Your Life General Purpose: To inform Specific purpose: To inform my audience about my culture and life as a working student. Thesis Statement: Introduction For years, college students have been told that their college years would be the â€Å"time of their lives†, what people don’t tell us, is what makes it the time of our life. According to a National Retail Federation survey conducted in 2009, Nearly 49.1 percent of college students will be living at home this year

Plight of Women in Song of Solomon, Life of a Slave Girl,...

Plight of Black Women as Double Minorities - Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl, Song of Solomon, Push Typically minority groups are thought of in the context of race; however, a minority group can also consist of gender and class. The struggles facing a minority group complicate further when these different facets of minority categories are combined into what is sometimes called a double minority. Throughout American history, African American women have exemplified how being a double minority changes the conditions of being a minority. In Reminiscences by Frances D. Gage of Sojourner Truth, for May 28-29, 1851, a speech by Sojourner Truth is recalled where she poses the question-Aint I a woman (Lauter 2049). Truth†¦show more content†¦The institution of slavery is already a prison, but at least the felon in a penitentiary deserves his loss of freedom. The imprisonment of female slaves furthers when her master sexually desires her. An African American male slave would not have to worry about his mistress making sexual advances at him. Upon occasion a small boy would work in t he house, but most males worked outside. Therefore, the helplessness of her situation is unique to the female slave. Her master controls every aspect of her life-her workload, her portion of food, her living conditions, and her punishments. His control over her life makes the act of telling him no a very difficult and delicate task. In addition to Jacobs worrying about her masters advances, she has to worry about her jealous mistress, Mrs. Flint. Harriet Jacobs describes the fear she felt as Mrs. Flints suspicions rise: At last, I began to be fearful for my life. It had been often threatened; and you can imagine, better than I can describe, what an unpleasant sensation it must produce to wake up in the dead of night and find a jealous woman bending over you. p. 366 Jacobs situation exemplifies the tensions in the relationship between the slave owners wife and her female slaves. Mrs. Flint knows about her husbands sexual escapades with the female slaves, but she cannot confront him. Instead Mrs. Flint has to focus her aggression on Jacobs, even though Jacobs is just as helpless inShow MoreRelated The African-American Nightmare Exposed in Black Literature Essay2231 Words   |  9 PagesDouglass, Song of Solomon, and Push    The American Dream was founded on the concept that all men are created equal(Jefferson 729) and that everyone has the capability and resources to pull themselves up by their bootstraps. The Declaration of Independence was written so Americans could achieve this dream, but was not written with the African slave in mind. The African slave was never intended to be a part of this American Dream, therefore, not capable of obtaining it. These slaves were beatenRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesStress-Reduction Techniques 144 SKILL ANALYSIS 147 Cases Involving Stress Management 147 The Turn of the Tide 147 The Case of the Missing Time 150 SKILL PRACTICE 155 Exercises for Long-Term and Short-Run Stress Management The Small-Wins Strategy 155 Life-Balance Analysis 156 Deep Relaxation 158 Monitoring and Managing Time 159 SKILL APPLICATION 161 Activities for Managing Stress 161 Suggested Assignments 161 Application Plan and Evaluation 162 SCORING KEYS AND COMPA RISON DATA Stress Management AssessmentRead MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 Pagesof Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK) Concepts to Text Topics Chapter 1 Modern Project Management Chapter 8 Scheduling resources and cost 1.2 Project defined 1.3 Project management defined 1.4 Projects and programs (.2) 2.1 The project life cycle (.2.3) App. G.1 The project manager App. G.7 Political and social environments F.1 Integration of project management processes [3.1] 6.5.2 Setting a schedule baseline [8.1.4] 6.5.3.1 Setting a resource schedule 6.5.2.4 Resource leveling 7.2 Setting

Organizations as Open Systems †China Star Chinese Restaurant Free Essays

Relationship: worked as an order taker five years ago. Responsibilities included taking and packing the orders, end-of-the-day bookkeeping. Introduction China Star is a fifteen-year old, mid-size Chinese restaurant serves common Chinese dishes. We will write a custom essay sample on Organizations as Open Systems – China Star Chinese Restaurant or any similar topic only for you Order Now It has a dinning area, and a smaller bar/administrative area that has a back door where customers come to pick up their telephone orders. The staffs include the owner/manager, an order taker, a waiter, two busboy/girl, four chefs, two part-time delivery drivers, and one cleaner. The restaurant is in an excellent location: very close to the Reston Town Center, surrounded by numerous high-tech companies and rich residents, but has been carrying its flat revenue for the past decade. It opens seven days a week, yet its most profit comes from the $5 range lunch combination during weekdays and carryout dinner orders. The dine-in dinner business had slowed down after several years of its opening, the average table that the waiter serves each night is about five. Carryout orders constitute about one half of the restaurant’s total sales. Its customer base has shrunk into office workers and residents within several miles. Analysis As an open system organization, China Star’s inputs are the workers, the raw food, and the facilities. Enough workers, the skill of the workers, the quality of the raw material, and the states of the facilities are all important in producing the satisfying output—fresh, delicious food and excellent service. But China Star was far from inputting enough: a) The skills of the chefs were just so-so, and it always had only one waiter. During the busy lunch hours, all the customers came at once; it was impossible for the waiter to take care of each table well and give each customer full attention. Often the customers got impatient, started to call the bus boys, and found that they hardly speak any English. Sometimes when the customers were happy they’d try to talk to the Chinese busgirl and asking her questions about China and Chinese food, but the girl wasn’t able to continue the delightful conversation, and the customers were disappointed, even embarrassed. b) In order to save time and costs, restaurants mass process their wholesale ordered raw food once a while. Large restaurants have state of the art refrigerators and freezers for them to separate and preserve the food accordingly. But China Star has only one large walk-in refrigerator for almost everything and the storing wasn’t done in a very pleasant manner. Inevitably the food tasted funny several times. c) The restaurant’s decoration was old and it looked rather messy and stuffy. The drawings on the wall looked cheap and the Great Wall embossment was coarse. It was not a pleasant place to sit and enjoy a formal meal at all. With various stylish restaurants opening in the area, and the Chinese food rivals developing in every shopping center offering chicken-fried rice of $4.75, China Star has neither product nor price to compete with. It soon entered the Negative Entropy state of an open system. The restaurant failed to take advantage of its surrounding office buildings and residents, most of all, the excellent economy during the late 1990’s. Its business fell into the typical â€Å"cheap carry-out Chinese food† image. The dine-in customers felt bored sitting in a typical Chinese restaurant, while they can hang out in a lively place with TV and live band just 3 blocks away. People came to China Star for cheap food only, and carryout orders save tips. But even carryout orders declined soon. During the peak lunch time the telephone order volume is extremely high. Customers often have to be put on hold since there is only one person responsible for taking the orders, send them to the kitchen, pack the orders, and sometimes phone the customer back— again the input is not sufficient. It’s easy to make a mistake with disastrous result: one, sometimes two if the orders are switched, very angry and hungry customers that would never recommend this restaurant to others, and food that cannot be resold. Although this system was obviously moving toward its death in a highly competitive environment, the owner wasn’t actively seeking solutions. The waiter and other employees were often telling him customers’ comments, giving him advises–which applies the â€Å"feedback† principle in the open system theory, but he had ignored them all. (the restaurant was finally redecorated a few years ago, other changes unknown) It’s actually not very hard for China Star to start a better cyclic. Restaurants are relatively less-complicate organizations. The most important principles are inputs and feedbacks. The restaurant could increase the human, material, information inputs, and adapt more the changing environments, for example, revise the menu and serve one-of-a-kind Chinese appetizers with Chinese wines and expensive, authentic green teas; hire more waiters and a few performer play soothing music with Chinese traditional instrument for the exhausted people at the end of the day; construct a website for the restaurant and make the carryout ordering web-enabled. And of course, listen to the feedbacks, both from the outside and inside of the organization. As these changes apply, the restaurant will also increase the price on its menu, without worrying about irritating its customers. As mentioned before Reston is a high-income area where people are more into â€Å"style† and willing to pay more to have a good time or feel special. Once the restaurant has established its reputation and attracts certain group of loyal customers, its sales will become stable and the organization enters the steady state until the environment changes again. How to cite Organizations as Open Systems – China Star Chinese Restaurant, Papers

Michael Jackson Essay Example For Students

Michael Jackson Essay Decades in the business and only 5 major albums to show for, each one has bulleted to the top of the charts and made recording history. From his mysterious demeanor, to his moonwalk and non-threatening voice, he became an icon to music lovers and fashion critics all over the world. His singing touched millions, and he left a profound impact towards everyone on Earth. In two words, he is summarized as simply The Man. However now he sings and lives in Europe, Michael Jackson Essay was forced to leave North America as the media broadcasted the sexual allegations against him, publicized his love life and the change of his skin color. After Michael Jackson celebrated his fifteen years of adult solo career success in the fall of 1993, he was accused of sexually harassing a child. The thirteen year-old boy, traveled with his mother and sister, along with Michaels traveling companions that year, which included accompanying him at the World Music Awards held in Monaco that year. This event was shown on television in North America on ABC, in the spring. Michael had the spot light on that evening as he received a good handful of awards, which were presented. He was purposely placed in the first row and nearly every reaction of his was shot on camera. Michael was shown with the same little boy sitting on his lap, which didnt make things any easier for him. These horrifying accusations pushed him into a shell. And people all over the world were wondering if he would ever come out. While 1993 became 1994, the media that supported him and told the world he was innocent, turned around and stabbed him in the back, as their viewer numbers dropped. They took the lead in presenting speculations and a string of untried statements, both from Michaels former employees ad his strayed sister, La Toya. Each new speculation was posted mostly on highly named newspapers like the Globe. Then everyone wanted to sell a story, like his employees, beginning with Stella and Philippe Lamarque, Jacksons housekeepers. They asked a price of about half a million but were sold to the Globe for $15,000. No one interviewed or questioned the motivations of any of these participants, and Michaels continued denials seemed to go unheard by everyone. He released that everyone was against him, so decided to take a break and he left North America for sometime. He later returned but people still considered him as the very worst of humanity. It did not matter if he was innocent or not as the case was thrown out of court in July 1995. The media had already put it in the publics mind that he is guilty. They also made the public think that all the children who were ever seen with him must have also been sexually molested. Michaels love life was also posted on the television. The media interfered and followed him and his girlfriend Brooke Shields at his Nederland ranch and amusement park near Los Angeles. This drove Brooke Shields further and further away from him, as she didnt want all the publicity at the moment. The media also influenced the divorce between Elvis daughter Lisa Marie Presley with Michael Jackson. These two couples had secretly got married in the Dominican Republic as Michael told the world in the interview with Oprah. The media took pictures of them and anglicized them, they had pictures of them kissing and said that he didnt kiss her as though he loved her. It was just an ordinary kiss. They also said these two couples did the nasty stuff but Michael not really meaning it. These accusations lead to their divorce and the end to another marriage for Michael. In November 1996, he announced that his friend Deborah Rowe was carrying his child. The couple denied all tabloids reports that he was using her for her womb and she was artificially inseminated. Wutherin Heights Essay This promo clip spawned a follow-up, The Making Of Thriller, which in turn sold more copies than any other home video .

Critical Analysis of Modernism Poems by Ted Hughes Essay Example

Critical Analysis of Modernism Poems by Ted Hughes Essay Literary modernism, or modernist literature, has its origins in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, mainly in Europe and North America. Modernism is characterized by a self-conscious break with traditional styles of poetry and verse. Modernists experimented with literary form and expression, adhering to Ezra Pounds maxim to Make it new. The modernist literary movement was driven by a conscious desire to overturn traditional modes of representation and express the new sensibilities of their time. The horrors of the First World War saw the prevailing assumptions about society reassessed such as Sigmund Freud questioned the rationality of mankind. Edward James Ted Hughes, OM (17 August 1930  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ 28 October 1998) was an English poet and childrens writer. Critics routinely rank him as one of the best poets of his generation. Hughes was British Poet Laureate from 1984 until his death. Hughes was married to American poet Sylvia Plath, from 1956 until her suicide in 1963 at the age of 30. His part in the relationship became controversial to some feminists and (particularly) American admirers of Plath. His last poetic work, Birthday Letters (1998), explored their complex relationship. These poems make reference to Plaths suicide, but none of them addresses directly the circumstances of her death. A poem discovered in October 2010, Last letter, describes what happened during the three days leading up to Plaths suicide. In 2008 Hughes was ranked fourth on the list of The 50 greatest British writers since 1945. Hughes earlier poetic work is rooted in nature and, in particular, the innocent savagery of animals, an interest from an early age. We will write a custom essay sample on Critical Analysis of Modernism Poems by Ted Hughes specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Critical Analysis of Modernism Poems by Ted Hughes specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Critical Analysis of Modernism Poems by Ted Hughes specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer He wrote frequently of the mixture of beauty and violence in the natural world. Animals serve as a metaphor for his view on life: animals live out a struggle for the survival of the fittest in the same way that humans strive for ascendancy and success. Examples can be seen in the poems Hawk Roosting and Jaguar. The West Riding dialect of Hughes childhood remained a staple of his poetry, his lexicon lending a texture that is concrete, terse, emphatic, economical yet powerful. The manner of speech renders the hard facts of things and wards off self-indulgence. Hughes later work is deeply reliant upon myth and the British bardic tradition, heavily inflected with a modernist, Jungian and ecological viewpoint. He re-worked classical and archetypal myth working with a conception of the dark sub-conscious. Poem Analysis of The Owl Its a complex poem, inevitably, because its primarily about Teds relationship with Sylvia Plath, which you cant really reduce to a few sentences. You have at least to take into account the complexity of any really intimate relationship, when its about a meeting of minds as well as a meeting of bodies. You start to see the world through the other persons eyes. To give a trivial example, I met my wife in Aberdeen, her home town, where my Yorkshire accent was an oddity and she was at home in a linguistic world made up of Scots and Gaelic. The first time she visited my home, I vividly remember her panic in Leeds, suddenly surrounded for the first time in her life by Yorkshire accents suddenly she was the odd one out in a big city, her voice was the strange voice. Now imagine that sort of thing in every aspect of life. Then add another huge layer of complexity because Plath was not just another person, she was also one of the most gifted poets in English of the last century. She saw the world strangely, but with incredible acuity (as an owls eyes are sensitive to even very low levels of light, if you like). But Hughes isnt just seeing the world now through Plaths astonishing eyes hes seeing it through her childrens eyes, Frieda and Nick, and Sylvia is dead. And in an appalling repeat, so is Assia Wevill, who was Teds lover in the period shortly after Sylvia died. Assia, like Sylvia, killed herself, but she also killed her daughter, Shura, at the same time (Ted himself believed that Shura was his child). So there are layers of tragedy in these different layers of perception that Ted talks about in the poem with his references to your childrens eyes. Now add to those layers of complexity the fact that Hughes is also seeing the world through the owls eyes (in much the same way that in Hawk, Roosting he sees the world through the hawks eyes owls are birds of prey, remember, like hawks). Few people have really attempted this getting inside an animals head like Hughes did one rare other person is Les Murray, in Translations from the Natural World, which would give you a point of reference away from Hughes or Plath. And of course Sylvia herself was also a great nature poet, with her own specialised knowledge of natural history (her father was an expert beekeeper). So theres no way to reduce this to a handful of formulae, Im afraid. Theres much more in the poem than Ive touched on, and you really need to have a basic grasp of Ted and Sylvias relationship, and how Ted responded to her death (especially in Birthday Letters, and in the poem that surfaced late last year specifically about the night of her suicide it got blanket coverage in the British media when Melvyn Bragg unearthed it. ) Its also pretty much impossible to address all these issues without addressing the continuing debate over Teds responsibility for and response to Sylvias death. And the tragedy continues, as Nick committed suicide just a few years after Teds death. Crow: From the Life and Songs of Crow Hughes describes Crow as wandering around the universe in search of his female Creator. In the second developed episode he meets a hag by a river. He has to carry the hag across the river while trying to answer questions that she puts to him, mostly about love. Hughes describes several of the poems, particularly ‘Lovesong’, ‘The Lovepet’ and ‘Bride and Groom Lie Hidden for Three Days’ (part of Cave Birds   but included in Hughes’s recording of Crow) as Crow’s attempts to answer these questions. When he reaches the other side of the river the hag turns into a beautiful girl. For some critics, notably Keith Sagar, Crow is the abortion of a great work, and has been misinterpreted, mainly because, as the first edition stated, The Life and Songs of the Crow covers only the first two thirds of Crow’s journey, bringing him to his lowest point, whereas the narrative had been designed to conclude with Crow’s triumphant marriage to his Creator (Sagar, Laughter, xii). However, it is arguable that the published book owes much of its success to its unfinished, undecidable and provocative character. The jacket of early editions of Crow was illustrated by a striking drawing by Hughes’s friend, the American artist Leonard Baskin. Seeing Baskin’s drawings of crows had inspired Hughes to embark on the sequence but, in contrast to later books such as Cave Birds and Under the North Star, Baskin was not involved in the development of the project. The most important influence on Crow is Trickster mythology. Paul Radin says of the Trickster, ‘he became and remained everything to every man—god, animal, human being, ero, buffoon, he who was before good and evil, denier, affirmer, destroyer and creator’ (Radin, The Trickster, 169). This captures perfectly Crow’s own ambivalent identity. You can see his Trickster character in a poem such as ‘A Childish Prank’, where he remedies God’s failure to animate man and woman by biting the Worm in two: He stuffed into man the tail half With the wounded end hanging out He stuffed the had half headfirst into woman And it crept in deeper and up To peer out through her eyes†¦ Is Crow’s invention of sexuality clever and resourceful, or crass and foolish? The shock that poems like this caused when first published was intensified by the style, epitomised by phrases like ‘stuffed into man the tail half’, which Hughes at the time described as a ‘super-simple, super-ugly language’. He seemed to be assaulting religion and poetry simultaneously. By adopting this narrative style Hughes implicitly identifies himself with his protagonist. At the core of Crow is a group of poems, including this one, which re-accent the story of the Creation, the Fall (‘Apple Tragedy’), the Crucifixion (‘Crow Blacker than Ever’). But the book is not merely an attack on Christianity. The figure and style of Crow gave Hughes a means of ranging widely across Western civilisation within a loosely unified sequence. He placed himself explicitly in a tradition of primitive literature especially through his use of Trickster mythology, but also by drawing of a wide range of folktales and oral devices such as repetition. But Crow is not merely a primitive pastiche: like much of the greatest modernist art, primitive motifs are combined with a vivid contemporaneity, often to powerful emotional effect.

The Development of Roads in the Industrial Revolution

The Development of Roads in the Industrial Revolution Pre-1700, the British road network hadn’t experienced many major additions since the Romans had built some over a millennia and a half earlier. The main roads were largely the decayed remains of the Roman system, with little attempt at improvements until after 1750. Queen Mary Tudor had passed a law making parishes responsible for roads, and each was expected to use labour, which workers were obliged to offer, for free six days a year; landowners were expected to offer the materials and equipment. Unfortunately, the workers were not specialised and often didn’t know what to do when they got there, and with no pay there wasn’t much incentive to really try. The result was a poor network with much regional variation. Despite the appalling conditions of the roads, they were still in use and vital in areas not near a major river or port. Freight went via the packhorse, a slow, cumbersome activity which was expensive and low in capacity. Livestock could be moved by herding them while alive, but this was a tiring process. People used the roads to travel, but movement was very slow and only the desperate or the rich travelled much. The road system encouraged parochialism in Britain, with few people – and thus few ideas – and few products travelling widely. The Turnpike Trusts The one bright spot among the British road system were the Turnpike Trusts. These organisations took care of gated sections of road, and charged a toll on everybody travelling along them, to be ploughed into upkeep. The first turnpike was created in 1663 on the A1, although it was not run by a trust, and the idea didn’t catch on until the start of the eighteenth century. The first actual trust was created by Parliament in 1703, and a small number were created each year until 1750. Between 1750 and 1772, with the needs of industrialization pressing, this number was much higher. Most turnpikes improved the speed and quality of travel, but they increased the cost as you now had to pay. While the government spent time arguing over wheel sizes (see below), the turnpikes targeted the root cause of the problem in the shape of road conditions. Their work on improving conditions also produced road specialists who worked on larger solutions which could then be copied. There were criticisms of turnpikes, from a few bad trusts who simply kept all the money, to the fact that only around a fifth of the British road network was covered, and then only the major roads. Local traffic, the main type, benefited much less. In some areas parish roads were actually in better conditions and cheaper. Even so, the expansion of Turnpikes caused a major expansion in wheeled transport. Legislation After 1750 With a growing understanding of Britain’s industrial expansion and population growth, the government passed laws aimed at preventing the road system decaying any further, rather than improving the situation. The Broadwheel Act of 1753 widened the wheels on vehicles to reduce damage, and the General Highway Act of 1767 made adjustments to the wheel size and number of horses per carriage. In 1776 a law provided for parishes to employ men specifically to repair roads. The Results of Improved Roads With the quality of roads improving – albeit slowly and inconsistently – a greater volume could be moved faster, especially expensive items which would absorb the turnpike bills. By 1800 stagecoaches became so frequent that they had their own timetables, and the vehicles themselves were improved with better suspension. British parochialism was broken down and communications improved. For instance, the Royal Mail was set up in 1784, and their coaches took post and passengers across the country. While industry did rely on roads at the start of its revolution, they played a far smaller role in moving freight than the newly emerging transport systems, and it is arguably roads’ weaknesses which stimulated the building of canals and railways. However, where historians once identified a decline in roads as new transport emerged, this is largely rejected now, with the understanding that roads were vital for local networks and the movement of goods and people once they had come off the canals or railways, whereas the latter were more important nationally.

Solution of Global Warming within Pacific Northwest Essay

Solution of Global Warming within Pacific Northwest - Essay Example A sufficient water supply is essential for energy production, agriculture, and ecosystems in the region.   The better part of the area's water is contained naturally in winter snowpacks located in the high areas. The snowpack heats up and flows into rivers sometime in spring and summer when there is insufficient rainfall. Climate change is a threat to the natural storage, and significant influence will be on the timing of water availability in streams and rivers all year round.Increased winter temperatures are predicted to result into more precipitation as rainfall in place of snow. Consequently, there will be a decrease in snow accumulation. The currently available April 1st snowpack, which is evidence of natural water availability for the warm season is predicted to decline by a high of 40 % by the year 2040. The reduction in the level of snowpack and ultimately water will most likely lead to drought in the summer season. Higher temperatures are predicted to result into more prec ipitation falling as rainfall. Consequently, the winter storm will rise. The changes would lead to winter flood risks.  Changing river flows will strain water management and deepen current demand for water. Water uses in the Northwest currently include hydropower, agricultural irrigation, municipal uses, and protection of the environment.   An increase in temperatures and population results in demand and strain on water supply. A decrease in summer stream flows results into reduced supply in electricity.

Managing Organisations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Managing Organisations - Essay Example Human capital requires motivation in order to produce the best. Happiness and employee satisfaction promotes high productivity in any organization. Additionally, psychology theories offer alternative management ways that are relevant in the organizational strategy of any institution. This article will analyse the significance of psychology knowledge to the managers as well as the challenges faced by the managers in their efforts to apply psychology knowledge in their management roles. Understanding the importance of the knowledge of psychology to the manager’s demands that we analyse the various psychology theories put forward by prominent psychology writers. The significance of these theories offers insight on the need to study them as a manager. These theories include: This theory was developed by Maslow and is commonly known as Maslow’s theory of needs. It is founded on the idea that individuals possess powerful cognitive reasons that influence them into working towards particular goals. Sources of motivations among individuals change as they proceed from basic needs to self-actualisation in Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. A well-paying job can be a great source of motivation for individuals at the initial stage of the hierarchy of needs. As the individual progresses the motivators change and finding meaning in the work, creativity and independence can be the new powerful motivators. Maslow called this compensation when a person is motivated and gives more importance to competencies rather than meta-pay. Organisation of the work environment is very crucial given the changing needs of workers. The managers need to understand this aspect and utilise psychology to implement the necessary strategies to address this issue (Cherry, 2013). Psychology is important as it helps create self-awareness in the managers. They learn about their strengths and weaknesses, therefore, having total control of all

Consulting in Organizations... for In and Out Advertising Essay

Consulting in Organizations... for In and Out Advertising - Essay Example The today's business world is changing in a very fast rate. The market expansion, advancement in technology, mergers and acquisitions, need for business restriction, financial constriction and government's legislation are calling for charges in business so that they can keep page with the new dynamic world. To find markets for their products organization's needs to advertise so as to create awareness of the products availability to the general customers, advertisement can be done locally, regionally, nationally and internationally depending on the type of products to be advertised. The report carries different theories that are appropriated for effective advertising in an organization. The theories covered under this report include, PESTEL, SWOT analysis, the Senge's five learning disciplines and porter's five forces. Political factor/ environment will include the tax policies by the government, government's business regulation; imposed trade tariffs and restrictions among others. Any business organization is supposed to known the tax policies affecting various regions this will help them in estimating the advertising costs in every region this evaluating its importance. The business organization is also supposed to know the government's business regulation so as to know the type of products to deal with and how to ... The business organization is also supposed to know the government's business regulation so as to know the type of products to deal with and how to advertise for the same, they also ought to know imposed tariffs and restrictions which will provide important guide on the regions on which advertisement can be done. The organization can apply the political dogma which is a set of philosophy, ethics and supposition within a given society. The political factor emerges as the most tumultuous in all the environmental forces. Any business organization needs to equip itself with the knowledge on the prevailing political climate whether locally, internationally, nationally and regionally. The political climate plays a great role in determining and evaluating the likelihood of business failure or business success. If the political climate is unstable then it will affect product's marketability affecting negatively on the total sales volume. In such a scenario it is not advisable for firms to extend their advertisement on such regions experiencing political instability. Such advertising efforts may not yield anything for the company translating into huge loses in terms of advertising in a region / nation that is politically stable will yield more success to the company a thing that enhances advertising. (Ansoff, 1965) The business organization needs to know how the economic factor affects its business enterprise, for example, if the business is being operated under a small economy then it means that greater efforts need to be applied on advertising so as to increase the sales volume. This can be extended up to the international level so as to

The Ethiopian Revenue And Customs Authority

The Ethiopian Revenue And Customs Authority Before I identify the extent to which the Ethiopian revenue and customs authority move from a gatekeeper style of compliance management to a more risk-based management style, it is necessary to coat the key objectives of the authority. The key objectives of the authority are commonly facilitation, control and then achieving an appropriate balance between trade facilitation activities and regulatory controls. Thus, the authority has been implementing different risk- based management styles to apply efficient and effective controls in order to fulfill the responsibility to collect revenue, implement trade policy ,safeguard the public ,manage the increasing international trade and tourism, reduce custom personnel and offer trade facilitation to legitimate traders, travelers and carries. The ultimate objectives of the authority is creating compliance and voluntary tax payer and collecting tax and duty from the economy by applying legitimate and modern tax system. If so, the authority bel ieves that it is must to have techniques styles which are- risk based compliance management rather than gatekeeper style of compliance management to achieve the above objectives of the authority effectively and efficiently. Thus, the authority is applying different risk based compliance management techniques from time to time. Especially, since the authority introduced business process re-engineering to reform its controlling techniques from gatekeeper compliance management to risk based compliance management styles. Then, it necessary to define why need manage risk? The concept of organizational risk refers to the possibilities of events and activities occurring that may prevent an organization from achieving its objectives. Such as providing the international trading community with an appropriate level of facilitation, and ensure compliance with the organizations laws such as licensing requirements , valuation provisions ,rules of origin duty exemption regimes, trade restrictions and security regulations, as well as the potential failure to facilitate international trade. Thus, like any other organization, the authority need to manage its risks. This requires the systematic application of management p rocedures designed to reduce those risks to ensure that its objectives are achieved as efficiently and effectively as possible. This leads the authority to reform its management styles to risk- based compliance management style from gatekeeper compliance management styles. As a whole, the authority reforms all most all its managing styles from the traditional gatekeeper management style to risk based compliance management styles. The authoritys managing styles are characterized by identification of potential risks with resources being directed towards high risk areas and minimal intervention in similarly identified low risk areas. Relatively the pre business process reengineering reformation, authoritys managing style was characterized by indiscriminate custom intervention or a regime of 100% checks. Similarly, payments of duties and other taxes are a pre requisite for customs clearance and such clearance is invariably withheld until all formalities and real-time transaction checks completed. This compliance managing style was a gatekeeper managing style in which the authority was using as managing style for so many times till the authority internalized business process reengineering to all its organizational structure and administration style as a who le. The Authority has been changing its a compliance management styles to risk based management from the traditional 100 percent document check and physical examination except with too much rare random and arbitrary of the authority intervention which could not characterized the authorities a compliance management style to be gatekeeper style. Thus, it is possible to estimate the authority to what extent does it move from gatekeeper style of compliance management to a more risk based management style. The authority internalized different new risk based management approaches to its managing style for its effective and efficient objective achievement. Before I define the different new approaches applied by the authority, it is necessary to define the two styles of compliance management. The first one is the risk based compliance management style which characterized by the identification of potential risks, with recourses being directed towards high risk area and minimal intervention in similarly identified low risk areas in order to deliver legitimate, moderate and fast service to traders, collect the revenue effectively and efficiently, facilitate the transaction and safeguarded the public. Thus, such regimes adopt strategies that break the nexus between physical control over goods and a traders revenue liability, and permit customs clearance to be guaranteed prior to the arrival of ergo. Whereas the gate keeper style of compliance management style is characterized by indiscriminat e customs intervention or a regime of 100 percent cheek. Similarly payment of duties and other taxes is a pre request for customs clearance under the gate keeper model and such Clearance is invariably with held until all Formalities and real-time transaction checks are completed. If such style of compliance management is used as a key techniques of compliance management in the current time, in which the trade volume and complexity is increasing rapidly, the authority could not be efficient and effective in different purposes, such as trade facilitation, delivery legitimate and moderate client service, safeguard the public and collection of revenue. This is the key reason to the authority to reform its compliance management style from gatekeeper compliance management style to risk based management style. From the new approaches of compliance management applied by the authority some are listed below. A. Self assessment: in which the value add tax (vat) registered trader declare its input tax and output tax to the authority monthly In a way that the trader keeps its own financial recorders during his /her transaction and then declared to the authority in order to pay if there is tax payable and to forward credit or refund if there is credit according to the tax and duty regulations and laws of the authority. Here the focused point is not the self declaring but the system by itself is risk based compliance management style because if the authority is uncertain with some points of the traders declaration or if there are a potential risks with trader, the authority assure the uncertainty or risk through Audit by the authoritys auditors. If we look this against the risk based compliance management pyramid it leads us to the compliance assessment that could help the authority to facilitate the day to day transaction of the traders and the need to control the traders and the trade itself, and also it could identify information of compliance and non compliance being the authority gather different financial recordings from the trader as a result this could help the authority to select potential risks, low risks and compliance or non-compliance profiles. The other point is that the authority could investigate (audit) the industry, traders, manufacturers, importers and whole salers when they are suspected. B, Applicable dates for determination of duties and taxes:-The applicable date for determining customers duties and taxes is as follow:- For goods imported: the date when the customers declaration is accepted. This by itself could assure pre arrival assessment, clearance and fast release of imported goods during their arrival in custom control which could be classified in to risk based compliance management style because the authority could intervene if there is any potential risks with arrived goods before release is approved. For goods carried by passengers: the date of customs clearance. This could compare with the risk based compliance management pyramid it leads us to client service in which the client could get fast and immediate service by the authority accompanied by cooperation and consultation of the authority to the client. The authority expected to deliver fast and legitimate client services. But it has not to be risky to the authority revenue collection and the public security. In such cases the authority gives the service based on the risk level of the imported goods by the passenger. C, Administrative settlement of custom offences:- The authority settle custom offences, other than those relating to contraband or involving above 25% or birr 500,000 of the payable duties and taxes, administratively by taking due account on the nature of the offences and their impacts on the interests of the public and government. According to this, custom offences administrative settlement the authority keeps the importer profile to identify the intention of the offences by the importer if it is deliberate or not in a way that risk based management to identify compliance and non-compliance to enforce non-compliance using administrative discretion. According the profile of importers offences, the authority levies different administrative actions starting from persuasion- formal warning-penalty with regard their difficulties, offence times and if or not the importer committed the offence deliberately. The administrative settlement of custom offence in the authority start to contribute a remarkable result to the import and export facilitation of the country, revenue collection of the government and prepare a profile that could help to identify compliance and non-compliance. An appropriate legislative frame work is an essential element of any regulatory regime, because the primary role of custom is to ensure compliance with the laws as identified in the above pages regardless of the compliance management approach that it is supporting, the legislative frame work must provide the necessary business law for the achievement of the range administration has chosen to adopt. For ex sample, an appropriate bases in law mast exist to enable customs to break nexus between its physical control over internationally trading goods and revenue liability (that is, custom duty and other taxes) such goods may attract. This does not necessary imply, however, that such differentiation must be explicitly addressed in relevant statutory provisions. For example, if legislation itself is silent on the relationship between customs control over cargo and revenue liability sufficient scope is likely to exist for administratively flexible solutions to be implemented. underpinned by relevant legal provisions , the various elements of administrative and risk management frame work employed by customs essentially reflect the underlying style of compliance management being pursued by the administration with an increasing use of risk management principles as the administration move away from traditional, risk averse gatekeeper style of compliance management to more risk based approach. The available technological frame work represents an enabler that, while not critical to the achievements of a risk management style, service to significantly enhance an administration ability to adopt such styles. Thus, the authority applies a technological information system centrally to reform the traditional gatekeeper style of compliance management which the legislative base provides for a one size fits all approach compliance management to a risk based management style in which the legislative base provides for a flexible and tailored solutions to enable relevant risk management administrative strategies to be implemented. The legislative base recognizes responsibilities for both government and the trading community in achieving regulatory compliance. This could provide logical frame work for demonstrating how various types of risk based strategies, including non enforcement strategies such as self assessment, may be used to effectively manage compliance. Fundamentally to this approach is the need to provide the commercial sector with the ability to comply with custom requirements. This involves establishing an effective legislative base and an appropriate range of client service strategies,(including effective guidelines).Such strategies are necessary to provide the commercial sector with the means to achieve certainty and clarity in assessing liabilities and entitlement. This is the reason why the authority is reforming its means of communication electronically from the traditional way of communication. Thus, this could also recognize res pective responsibilities of government and industry of the country and sanctions for non compliance. From the technologies that the authority internalized to its organizational structure is tin integration system which is the one and the moderate technological advancement that could help the authority to give the tin number to all registered clients similarly and use to have different supporting information of the trader, importers, whole seller, enterprises and other business entities country wide. This could minimize different level of risk that could appear in the gatekeeper compliance management style relatively. Such technological advancement provides the trading community with electronic as well as paper based reporting, storage and authentication. Such previsions could enable regulators to relay on commercially generated data to the greatest extent possible. As well as appropriate communications and information technology to provide for automated processing and clearance ar rangements. Regulators could achieve maximum integration with commercial system of the country that the authority needs to facilitate transactions as much as possible. The authority is applying different new approach of compliance management style to its operational and administrative structure to achieve the above specified key objectives of the authority. It could be said that the authority is getting a point full results by applying the above specified new approach of compliance management that aimed to reform traditional gatekeeper style of compliance management to risk based management style is almost organizational wide working approach for different purposes supposed by the authority . Even though some drawbacks are occurring with applying the new approach of compliance management, the authority is working day to day to reform its compliance management approach as much as possible. From this it is possible to estimate to what extent does the authority moved to adopt risk based compliance management styles and applying different new approach of compliance management style through organizational reformation. To conclude, in assessing the level of compliance, custom should encounter two situations: compliance and non compliance. The non compliance spectrum ranges from innocent mistakes blatant fraud. If the errors near to the fraudulent end of the spectrum, some form of sanction will need to apply, including administrating penalties or in more several cases, prosecution and license revocation. Before determining the need for or nature of, a sanction, however, it is important to identify the true nature of the risk by establishing why the error has occurred. For example, the error may be the result of a control problem within the company due to flawed systems and procedures or it may be the result of a deliberate attempt to defraud. It also may be that the relevant legislation is unclear or the administrative requirements are ambiguous. The type of mitigation strategies that custom should employe to ensure future compliance will depend on the nature of the identified risk. Unless the error is fraud to be international, it may be appropriate to address systematic problems within the company or to provide the company with advice on compliance issue or provide formal clarification of the law and regulations of the authority through binding rulings or other means. In this regard it is important to recognize that different solutions will be required to address honest mistakes on the one hand, and deliberate attempts to evade duty on the other. Effective risk management is central to modern customs operations, and provides the means to achieve an appropriate balance between trade facilitation and regulatory control. To manage risk effectively, the authoritys administration must gain a clear understanding of the nature of risks to the achievement of its objectives and device practical methods of mitigation those risks. Finally, there needs to be a demonstrated commitment from the highest level of the organization structure to support the transition to risk based approach compliance management.

Would I Become the Next Snow White? Essay -- Personal Narrative, Autobi

Would I Become the Next Snow White? Â   Ah, to be a Disney Girl! To possess beauty so divine it can melt the hearts of charming princes and gruff miners alike. To be able to use the same gift to tame temperamental beasts, while you attract, through angelic song, otherwise timid forest creatures. To know that, in the end-despite the fact that your wicked stepmother has forced you into a life of servitude and an evil queen is seeking your mutilated heart-yes, in the end, some day your prince will come. Â   The image of the perfect girl according to Walt Disney can be described, with little exception, in this way: she is always pretty, always fair, always model thin, always endowed with a beautiful singing voice and always the victim of some malevolent, often jealous, woman. The Disney Girl also has what one writer says she expected to receive when she became a woman: a life filled with "debonair men so overcome by [her] loveliness they burst into song" (Nirenberg 23). Â   Though originally products of medieval and Victorian literature, these female characters have been adopted into Walt's family and have so often been dipped in his colorful animation and sprinkled with his magical fairy dust that we have forgotten their origin and given them an identity that can only be described as, well, Disney. Â   Let's start with the first Disney Girl, Snow White. Now, Snow epitomizes what "gorgeous" represented in the 1930s. In other words, Disney allows her to be a little fat by today's standards (or is it the design of her dress?). Still, most of us agree with the evil queen's magic mirror that this Disney Girl, with her skin as white as snow, lips as red as blood, and hair as black as ebony, is, in... ...art, but with nature's uncontrollable hand, a raving beauty, a Sleeping Beauty, a Cinderella. Or-if you can believe I thought this, with my Black self-a Snow White. Â   No such thing happened, of course, but then, that is my point. Let's enjoy these tales, but let's make sure-for ourselves and especially for our children-that we understand what is happening here. Though the animation is superb and the stories are full of enchantment, wizardry, and the basic good and evil conflict, we should not be misled into believing that Cindy, Snow, Belle, et al. are the epitome of the ideal woman. Those who do this might find themselves often in the same predicament as that of Cinderella after the midnight chimes: sprawled on their butts in the dust, with their dreams dashed to pieces around them Work Cited Nirenberg, Sue. House Beautiful. Aug. 1991: 23+

Perfect Competition Essay

For a market to be perfectly competitive, one of the main criteria is that all firms (and consumers) are price takers. The following conditions are also necessary: 1. There must be many buyers and sellers in the market for an identical product. 2. Firms’ products are identical. 3. Buyers and sellers must be fully informed about prices, products, and technology. 4. There are no barriers to entry (or exit). 5. Selling firms are profit-maximizing entrepreneurial firms. The scenario about the ice cream industry depicts a perfectly competitive market. Buyers view vanilla ice cream from different stores as identical products, new stores can enter the industry, and each store has no influence on the going market price. In perfect competition, many firms sell identical products to many buyers. Therefore, if Falero charges even slightly more for a box than other firms charge, it will lose all its customers because every other firm in the industry is offering a lower price. In other words, one of Falero’s boxes is a perfect substitute for boxes from the factory next door or from any other factory. So, a perfectly competitive firm faces a perfectly elastic demand for its output at the current market price. In this case, the equilibrium market price is $5 per box, so Falero faces a perfectly elastic demand curve for its boxes at $5. Since a perfectly competitive firm faces a perfectly elastic demand curve at the market price, it can sell any quantity it chooses at this price. Therefore, the change in total revenue that results from a one-unit increase in the quantity sold is equal to the market price, so the marginal revenue curve is a horizontal line at the market price of $5 per box. Since the demand curve is also a horizontal line at the market price, the demand curve and the marginal revenue curve are the same. Economic profit equals total revenue minus total cost, so profit is at its maximum when the difference between total revenue and total cost is at its greatest Economic profit is defined as the difference between total cost and total revenue. At a price of $12,000, a profit-maximizing firm in a perfectly competitive market will produce 4,000 hybrid vehicles per year, since this is the quantity where marginal cost equals the market price (which equals a competitive firm’s marginal revenue). Since profit is the difference between total revenue (TR) and total cost (TC), we can rewrite this expression as: Profit = TR – TC Profit = (P x Q) – (ATC x Q) Profit = (P – ATC) x Q In this case, profit = ($12,000 per vehicle – $16,000 per vehicle) x 4,000 per vehicle= -$4,000 x 4,000 = -$16,000,000, which is an economic loss. This is the blue shaded area (labeled A) in the graph above. The firm will produce as long as the market price is above the shutdown price of 10 cents, so the firm’s supply curve corresponds to the portion of the marginal cost curve for prices above 10 cents. For example, at 10 cents, the firm will produce 150,000 pairs of socks, so (150, 10) is a point on the firm’s supply curve; at 15 cents, the firm will produce 200,000 pairs of socks, so (200, 15) is another point. For prices below 10 cents, the firm will not produce at all. The shutdown price of $2 marks the point at which average variable cost is at its minimum. In the short run, when price is below $2, a firm’s variable costs exceed its total revenue, so the firm would maximize profits (minimize losses) by shutting down. The break-even price of $4 marks the point at which average total cost is at its minimum. In the long run, when price is below $4, a firm’s total costs exceed its total revenue, so the firm would maximize profits (minimize losses) by exiting the market. In the short run, the individual supply curve for a firm is the portion of the marginal cost curve that corresponds to prices greater than and equal to the shutdown price of $2. In perfect competition, the market supply curve is just the horizontal sum of all the firms’ marginal cost curves. At prices below $2, firms will not produce in the short run. At $2, firms will produce a total of 3 yo-yos per firm x 100 firms = 300 yo-yos. Therefore, (300, 2) is a point on the short-run industry supply curve. Similarly, at $3, firms will produce a total of 4 yo-yos per firm x 100 firms = 400 yo-yos. Therefore, (400, 3) is another point on the short-run industry supply curve. Use similar calculations to plot the rest of the market supply curve. The market price of $3 corresponds to a point on the MC curve that is between the firm’s ATC and AVC. Therefore, in the short run, although the firm cannot cover all its fixed costs, it will generate enough revenue to cover all its variable costs. The firm will ignore the fixed costs and produce in the short run. In the long run, the firm will shut down and exit the industry, since $3 is below the break-even (long-run exit) price. Because the firm can never cover its fixed costs, and the business runs at a loss, it is profit maximizing to exit the market.| | A firm’s short-run decision is not solely based on whether or not it incurs profits or losses. It depends on whether the market price is below or above its shutdown price, or minimum average variable cost. As long as the market price is above average variable cost, a firm will produce in the short run since it is covering its variable cost. In cases where there are fixed costs and price is equal to or just above the shutdown price, this will mean that the average total cost is higher than the market price, which leads to losses. However, in the short run, a firm’s decision to produce is independent of any fixed costs, so even if it cannot cover fixed costs and earn profits, it will produce nonetheless. If the price exceeds the marginal cost of increasing output by one unit, the firm will produce another unit. It keeps increasing its output until it reaches a point where increasing output by one more unit has a marginal cost that is greater than marginal revenue (in this case, the going market price). In this example, the marginal cost of increasing output from five to six units is less than the market price. The marginal cost of increasing output from six to seven units is greater than the market price. So, the firm stops at six units. This is its profit-maximizing quantity. The table below summarizes the firm’s marginal cost. The firm considers its minimum variable cost in its short-run production decisions. It will produce in the short run if the market price is equal to or greater than its minimum average variable cost. That is, as long as it can cover its variable costs, it will produce in the short run. The firm considers its minimum average total cost in its long-run production decisions. It will produce in the long run if the market price is equal to or greater than its minimum average total cost; that is, as long as the firm at least breaks even in its economic profits. The table below summarizes the firm’s average variable cost, which equals average total cost since there is no fixed cost The initial long-run equilibrium was at the intersection of the initial industry short-run supply and demand curves (S100 and D1) at coordinates (4,000, 65). After the change in consumer preferences, the long-run equilibrium is at the intersection of the new industry short-run supply and demand curves (S70 and D2) at coordinates (2,000, 60). The long-run industry supply curve will pass through these long-run equilibrium points, so you should have placed each of the black points (X symbols) at these coordinates. Notice that this industry is an increasing-cost industry. That is, an increase in demand increases factor prices. Firms stop entering the market and expanding production at a higher equilibrium market price because the price at which zero profit is made has risen. Therefore, the long-run supply curve is upward sloping. In the long run, firms in a perfectly competitive market enter and exit the market without barriers, and they make zero economic profit. The reasoning goes as follows: if firms make economic profits, new firms will enter the market, shifting the market supply curve to the right until the market price has fallen enough such that no firm is earning economic profit and there is no longer incentive to enter. If firms are incurring economic losses, firms will exit the market, the market supply curve will shift to the left, and the market price will rise until firms make zero economic profit. So, in the long run, firms are operating at the â€Å"break-even† point, or the minimum of the short-run average total cost curve AND the long-run average total cost curve.

William Lloyd Garrison essays

William Lloyd Garrison essays William Lloyd Garrison was one of foremost abolitionists in the United States. Garrison used a nonviolent, journalistic approach to speak out against the evils of slavery. Garrison is most famous for his anti-slavery journal The Liberator. He made his views very clear in the first issue of he journal: I am aware that many object to the severity of my language; but is there not cause for severity? I will be as harsh as truth, and as uncompromising as justice. On this subject, I do not wish to think, or speak, or write, with moderation. No! no!...I am in earnestI will not equivocateI will not excuseI will not retreat a single inchAND I WILL BE HEARD(Garrison)! A combination of William Lloyd Garrisons humble upbringing, passionate involvement in the Abolitionist Movement, and professional associations with other abolitionists contributed to his success as an antislavery activist. William Lloyd Garrison was born in 1805, in Newburyport, Massachusetts. His father was a merchant sailor. The Garrison family fell on hard times during Williams childhood; their hardship was due to the Embargo Act passed in 1807. Williams father deserted his family in 1805 and left them penniless. The Garrison family was left to beg for food from the rich families who lived in their area. William was forced to work as a result of his familys poverty. He held odd jobs that included selling wood and homemade candy. William Garrison held several editorial jobs early in his career that prepared him for the time when he created his own paper. In 1818, William became the editor of the Boston-based National Philanthropist after he completed an apprenticeship with the paper. He secured another editorial job with the Journal of the Times located in Bennington, Vermont in 1828. In 1829, he became co-editor of the Genius of Universal Emancipation (Baltimore) along with abolitionist Benjamin Lundy. Disaster...

William Shakespeare Essays - Shakespearean Tragedies, Free Essays

William Shakespeare Essays - Shakespearean Tragedies, Free Essays William Shakespeare William Shakespeare was a great English playwright, dramatist and poet who lived during the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries. Shakespeare is considered to be the greatest playwright of all time. No other writer's plays have been produced so many times or read so widely in so many countries as his. Shakespeare was born to middle class parents. His father, John, was a Stratford businessman. He was a glove maker who owned a leather shop. John Shakespeare was a well known and respected man in the town. He held several important local governmental positions. William Shakespeare's mother was Mary Arden. Though she was the daughter of a local farmer, she was related to a family of considerable wealth and social ezding. Mary Arden and John Shakespeare were married in 1557. William Shakespeare was born in Stratford in 1564. He was one of eight children. The Shakespeare's were well respected prominent people. When William Shakespeare was about seven years old, he probably began attending the Stratford Grammar School with other boys of his social class. Students went to school year round attending school for nine hours a day. The teachers were strict disciplinarians. Though Shakespeare spent long hours at school, his boyhood was probably fascinating. Stratford was a lively town and during holidays, it was known to put on pageants and many popular shows. It also held several large fairs during the year. Stratford was a exciting place to live. Stratford also had fields and woods surrounding it giving William the opportunity to hunt and trap small game. The River Avon which ran through the town allowed him to fish also. Shakespeare's' poems and plays show his love of nature and rural life which reflects his childhood. On November 28, 1582, Shakespeare married Anne Hathaway of the neighboring village of Shottery. She was twenty-six, and he was only eighteen at the time. They had three children. Susana was their first and then they had twins, Hamnet and Judith. Hamnet, Shakespeare's son, died in 1596. In 1607, his daughter Susana got married. Shakespeare's other daughter, Judith, got married in 1616. In London, Shakespeare's career took off. It is believed that he may have become well known in London theatrical life by 1592. By that time, he had joined one of the city's repertory theater companies. These companies were made up of a permanent cast of actors who presented different plays week after week. The companies were commercial organizations that depended on admission from their audience. Scholars know that Shakespeare belonged to one of the most popular acting companies in London called The Lord Chamberlain's Men. Shakespeare was a leading member of the group from 1594 for the rest of his career. By 1594, at least six of Shakespeare's plays had been produced. During Shakespeare's life, there were two monarchs who ruled England. They were Henry the eighth and Elizabeth the first. Both were impressed with Shakespeare which made his name known. There is evidence that he was a member of a traveling theater group, and a schoolmaster. In 1594, he became an actor and playwright for Lord Chamberlain's Men. In 1599, he became a part owner of the prosperous Globe Theater. He also was a part owner of the Blackfriars Theater as of 1609. Shakespeare retired to Stratford in 1613 where he wrote many of his excellent plays. There are many reasons as to why William Shakespeare is so famous. He is generally considered to be both the greatest dramatist the world has ever known as well as the finest poet who has written in the English language. Many reasons can be given for Shakespeare's enormous appeal. His fame basically is from his great underezding of human nature. He was able to find universal human qualities and put them in a dramatic situation creating characters that are timeless. Yet he had the ability to create characters that are highly individual human beings. Their struggles in life are universal. Sometimes they are successful and sometimes their lives are full of pain, suffering, and failure. In addition to his underezding and realistic view of human nature, Shakespeare had a vast knowledge of a variety of subjects. These subjects include music, law, Bible, stage, art, politics, history, hunting, and sports. Shakespeare had a tremendous influence on culture and literature throughout the world. He contributed greatly to the development of the English language. Many words and phrases from Shakespeare's plays and poems have become part of our

Problematical Aspects Encountered When Using The English Language Essay

Problematical Aspects Encountered When Using The English Language - Essay Example English grammar also recognizes the importance of the â€Å"aspect†, which is considered to be â€Å"a cover term for those properties of a sequence that constitute the temporal structure of the event denoted by the verb and its arguments† (ibid.). In his â€Å"Translating English Perfect Tenses into Arabic† study, Hassan A.H. Gadalla develops the idea of Kerstens, Ruys & Zwarts (1996–2001), that the English language contains four tense forms (past, present, future, future-in-the-past or conditional) and that for every one of these tenses there exist four â€Å"aspectual references† (simple, progressive, perfect and perfect progressive). Either one of the verbal tenses can, therefore, admit an aspect, in order to express a certain idea regarding the moment in which the presented action occurs. According to the previous definitions and ideas, the use of the English tenses and aspects is primarily influenced by the speaker’s intention regarding the framing of time that he wishes to offer to his communicational sentence. Furthermore, this essay will develop the appropriate theories and real situations in order to exemplify the usage of the English Perfect Tenses, in both English native communication and in translation. Considering these aspects regarding time value in an action and discussing the issues that may occur is vital for the appropriate transmission of the message, since English grammar offers a wide range of examples and situations in which the knowledge, and therefore the correct usage of aspects and tenses tends to have a great impact on the communication activity. Moreover, when translating from English to other languages, an adequate understanding of the linguistic phenomena such as transferring the modal aspects or perfect expressions into a language with different grammar and tenses usage probably is the most important part of the process.

Medical Marijuana Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Medical Marijuana - Essay Example According to the essay the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the United States has approved the use of chemicals extracted from marijuana known as cannabinoids. The endorsement was made after scientific studies conducted on chemical components of the drug. Further, pharmaceutical drugs have been developed using marijuana chemicals for therapeutic purposes at the same time removing chemicals that have been causing side effects and highness.This study declares that medical marijuana laws MML have was passed in states like Maryland to remove penalties imposed on users of marijuana whenever they are got in possession of or using marijuana. According to medical marijuana laws, doctors are expected to provide approval to patients regarding the use of marijuana for medical benefits. The approval given to patients will render them immune to any prosecution by states when they are got in possession or using marijuana.  Marijuana use has been associated with increased motor vehicle accid ents and increasing burden on healthcare. Longer use of the drug has contributed to brain damage, cognitive impairment and respiratory damage when smoked. Other heath related risks associated with the use of marijuana includes bronchitis, lung cancer, heart attack and wheezing.  Use of marijuana for a long time is likely to cause severe implications stated above. Those against the use of marijuana for medical purpose explain that marijuana has two chemical components  that are harmful to human.

Discuss Hurricane Katrina Impact on Bermuda and International Essay

Discuss Hurricane Katrina Impact on Bermuda and International Insurance Markets, and Explain How Storm Affected Our Attitudes Towards Insurance - Essay Example Though mired in legal tangles, insurers have paid up a large section of the affected thus mitigating their hardships to some extent. Some of the arguments looks very brazen such as damages caused by breaching of the levees does not come under the category of tornadoes though it is a well known fact that breaching happened due to water surges caused by hurricane Katrina. Under the circumstances the state has to interfere to ameliorate the sufferers of levees breach since they cannot wash their hands off for the breaching. Insurance is described as a precautionary hedging instrument against likely future losses. It is used for managing the possible risks of the future, which may or may not take place. Thus, through insurance, a person buys future happiness and smooth living. According to Oxford Dictionary Insurance is a contract undertaking to provide financial compensation for loss or damage or injury etc., in return for a payment made in advance once or regularly. Though loss of life or injuries cannot be measured in financial terms, still, in this materialistic world it is quantifiable and tries to compensate the potential future loss financially. Today insurance industry is one of the largest industry sectors in the world and is three times the size of the oil industry in terms of revenue generated. The roots of insurance might be traced to Babylonia, where traders were encouraged to assume the risks of the caravan trade through loans that were repaid only after the goods had arrived safely (Hammarabi, 1795 – 50 BC) 1, a practice resembling bottomry, the ancient maritime law where money is lent to a trader at lenders risk. The concept of insurance evolved through the centuries in Europe and later in the United States. Insurance developed rapidly with the growth of British imperialism in the 17th and 18th century 2. The New York fire of 1835 highlighted the need for adequate reserves to meet unexpected large

A Separate Peace Essay Example for Free

A Separate Peace Essay It is important to confront reality, no matter how harsh it is. People will always face difficult situations, but avoiding them is often more dangerous than the situation itself. In his novel, A Separate Peace, Knowles explores what can happen when a person or even an institution tries to avoid painful circumstances. In the story, Gene, the protagonist, and his friends are students at the Devon boarding school; and the troubling issues they face are wars, the external, World War II, and the intimate conflicts that often arise between close friends. Knowles uses the motif of the transformation of Devon, Finny, and Gene to show the importance of confronting head-on the wars within and around them. Devon boarding school shields Gene and his classmates from the hardships of World War II. Gene’s class, the â€Å"Upper Middlers,† are too young for the draft. This causes the teachers at Devon to see them as the last evidence of â€Å"the life the war was being fought to preserve† (29). The teachers are afraid to expose the boys to the terror of war and so they hide it from them. While throughout the country, others participate in the war effort, Gene and his classmates remain apart and spend their time â€Å"calmly reading Virgil† (24). Because of this separation, the war becomes â€Å"completely unreal† (24) to the Upper Middlers. The entire world appears to be churning in the upheaval of the war, but Devon tries to remain the same, shielding the boys from its hardships. Unfortunately, when the effects of the war inevitably come to Devon, its attempts at avoidance result in a negative transformation with bitter and unintended consequences. In its efforts to deny the war’s existence, Devon changes from idyllic and relaxed in the Summer Session to rigid and uncompromising in the Winter Session. In the summer at Devon, the boys play games on the â€Å"healthy green turf brushed with dew† to the calming sounds of â€Å"cricket noises and the bird cries of dusk† (24). Such imagery makes Devon seem like a peaceful oasis for the Upper Middlers. However, this relaxed atmosphere of the Summer Session ends with Finny’s fall from the tree at Devon River. Jumping from the tree was an activity originally designed to prepare soldiers for war and Finny’s injury from it represents the boys’ first experience with the pain that war brings. To Devon, Finny’s fall proves that the relaxed atmosphere of the Summer Session could not protect the boys from the reality of war. As a result, Devon rejects the carefree environment of the Summer Session and changes into a strict school where â€Å"continuity is stressed† (73) in the Winter Session. This transformation proves negative as evidenced by Knowles stark change in his description of the Winter Session. For example, while in the Summer Session the boys freely roamed the â€Å"healthy green turf† of Devon’s fields, they crowd into the dark â€Å"Butt Room† a smoking room that Gene compares to a â€Å"dirty dungeon in the bowels of the dormitory† (88). Where once the boys played in beautiful fields, they are now confined in close, dark rooms. Gene further classifies the transformation as negative by immediately remarking that â€Å"peace [has] deserted Devon† (72) when he returns for the Winter Session. In attempting to avoid the effects of the war, Devon sacrifices its status as a haven for the boys. When the reality that the world is at war inevitably strikes Devon, its transformation makes it less able to deal with the effects of the war. Gene compares the inexorable arrival of the war to the snow that blankets the school grounds. He calls the snowflakes â€Å"invaders† that cover the â€Å"carefully pruned shrubbery bordering the crosswalks† and likens them to the â€Å"invasion of the war on the school† (93). In making this comparison, Gene seems to show that just as Devon’s â€Å"carefully pruned shrubbery† cannot escape the snowfall, its structured atmosphere cannot escape the war. In fact, it is that structured atmosphere that makes the war seem all the more attractive to the very boys Devon tried so desperately to protect. Representing this is the Upper Middlers’ decision to clear snow from train tracks designed to transport troops. This is their first serious contribution to the war effort and requires that they travel away from Devon, symbolizing their desire to leave their school and participate in the war effort. As they work, the boys see a train car of soldiers whom they view as â€Å"elite† in comparison to their â€Å"drab ranks† (101). Directly after seeing the troops, all they boys can discuss is the â€Å"futility of Devon and how [they] would never have war stories to tell [their] grandchildren† (102). The boys see Devon’s strict unchanging atmosphere as inadequate amidst the upheaval of the war. As a result, the Upper Middlers slowly reject Devon, resigning from clubs, leaving the school to enlist in the war, and losing their academic vigor. They resent Devon for keeping them from the war and remain forever distant from it. Gene exhibits this distance when he describes Devon after graduating. Gene calls Devon a â€Å"hard and shiny† (11) museum; he feels no connection to it. He finally concludes that â€Å"The more things stay the same, the more they change after all† (14). In trying to remain untouched by the war, Devon changed to a school that pushed its students to the very war it tried to avoid. Like Devon, Finny does not accept the hardships or existence of war in his life. Throughout the story, Finny embraces the glorified aspects of war, but refuses to accept its atrocities. For example, Finny wears his pink shirt to celebrate the Americans bombing of Central Europe. However, when he realizes that the bombing killed women and children, he tells Gene that he doesn’t think the bombing took place. He does not want to believe that innocent people are often casualties of war. Eventually, Finny decides that the war cannot exist because it causes too much suffering. Similarly, Finny calls Gene his â€Å"best pal† (48) and openly displays his affection for him. However, when Gene confesses to deliberately jouncing him from the limb out of jealousy, Finny refuses to listen. He cannot accept that a friend could become an enemy. Eventually, Finny’s denial of the conflicts in his life lead to a negative transformation. In trying to retain his rejection of the war, Finny changes from a confident, athletic leader into an embittered invalid. In the summer, Finny excels, becoming a natural leader of the boys and easily winning over teachers. Finny is also physically impressive as evidenced by Gene’s description of him playing in the Devon River. Gene says that Finny is in â€Å"exaltation,† with glowing skin and muscles â€Å"aligned in perfection† (34). In this description, Finny seems like an ideal, almost God like figure, completely in control and confident. Finny’s injury at the end of Summer Session, however, signals a dark transformation. Gene shakes the limb Finny is standing on while about to jump off the tree at Devon River and Finny falls and breaks his leg. Because Gene deliberately jounced Finny out of a tree used to prepare the seniors for war, Finny’s fall and subsequent injury symbolizes a forced confrontation with the potential pain of World War II and the war between Gene and himself. Rather than working through the hardship and pain, Finny rejects his former status as an athlete and leader and lets his injury define him as an isolated invalid. Instead of using his athletic abilities to overcome his injury, Finny seems to remain permanently maimed. Although his leg heals and his cast becomes so small that an â€Å"ordinary person could have managed it with hardly a limp noticeable† (157), Finny’s gait is permanantely changed. His inability to heal completely from his injury symbolizes his inability to confront and move on from the conflicts that caused it. Similarly, Finny loses his place as a leader among the Upper Middlers. When Finny returns to Devon for the Winter Session, he finds that the war dominates the Upper Middlers’ conversations. Finny does not believe the war exists and so he isolates himself and stops spending as much time with his peers. Where once he was a natural leader, he becomes an outcast to preserve his disbelief in the war. Finny’s negative transformation makes him more vulnerable to the wars in his life. At the end of the Winter Session, Brinker conducts a mock trial and convicts Gene of his role in Finny’s injury. Finny is again forced to face the reality of Gene’s jealousy. Furthermore, during the trial, Finny speaks to Leper for the first time after his return from the army. Leper’s insanity, induced by the war, forces Finny to confront its painful implications. Because of Finny’s transformation, he is even more susceptible to these implications. Symbolizing this are the events following the mock trial. After Brinker convicts Gene, Finny falls while trying to run away. He re-breaks his leg, reopening the wound of the summer and revisiting the pain of the wars in his life. Where before the injury only crippled Finny, this time, Finny eventually dies from it. Just as his invalid state made him more vulnerable to re-injuring his leg, Finny’s transformation in response to the war made him more vulnerable to it. Unlike Devon and Finny, Gene faces the reality of the war around him and his inner struggle with Finny. While Gene enjoys the peaceful atmosphere of Devon in the Summer Session, he recognizes its inadequacies. Gene explains, â€Å"Perhaps I alone knew Devon had slipped through their [the professors’] fingers during the warm over looked months† (73). Gene realizes that the Summer Session, and the realities it avoided, would be the undoing of Devon. Furthermore, while the other Upper Middlers deny the existence of the war, Gene understands it at a deep level. Gene explicitly says, â€Å"The war was and is reality for me† (32). He embraces the war instead of masking it. Similarly, Gene recognizes the inner war with Finny. Gene knows that he deliberately jounced the limb of the tree so that Finny would fall. He repeatedly tries to confess this to Finny, openly and inwardly confronting his jealousy. Finally, when Leper goes to war and is discharged for mental instability, Gene is the only student who visits him in his home and sees him in his worst state. Gene is able to witness the shock and horror of the war. Because of his ability to face the wars around and within him, Gene undergoes a positive transformation. Gene confronts the conflicts in his life and uses them to mature from a fearful, insecure boy to a balanced and strong man. Initially, Gene identifies the presence of fear in his life. As an adult reflecting on his childhood, Gene can see â€Å"with great clarity the fear [he] had lived in† (10). Gene is also initially in-athletic. While Finny garners many athletic awards, Gene does not often participate in sports and focuses on his studies. This makes Gene feel inferior to Finny and so he often succumbs to Finny’s desires, often at the expense of his own academic success. Gene feels inadequate and insecure in the Summer Session, but the Winter Session signals a change within him. Before returning to Devon for the Winter Session, Gene visits Finny and confesses his guilt. After confronting his jealousy and confessing to Finny, Gene returns to Devon and becomes increasingly independent and secure. Symbolizing this is Gene’s experience in the Naguamsett River. On his first day back to Devon, Gene falls into the â€Å"ugly, saline,† (79) waters of the Nagaumasett. Incidentally, Gene calls this encounter with the filthy waters a â€Å"baptism.. on the first day of this winter session† (79). This use of the word baptism, a term associated with initiation or rebirth, seems to convey that Gene is beginning a new life. Just as he emerges renewed from the gritty disgusting waters of the Nagaumasett, he emerges renewed from his painful, uncomfortable confrontation of his inner war with Finny. Directly following Gene’s â€Å"baptism,† Finny returns to Devon as an invalid and he and Gene’s roles reverse. Now, It is Finny who needs Gene, both physically and emotionally, to help him deal with his injury and his functioning at Devon. Gene’s sudden athletic prowess represents this role reversal. Since Finny cannot participate in sports, he trains Gene. As he excels in his training, Gene notices that Finny seems â€Å"older. nd smaller too† (121). He then realizes that he is actually bigger and Finny is only smaller by comparison. Gene has used the conflict in his life to leave behind his insecurities and become a strong, independent man. Gene’s transformation proves positive as it enables him to grow from the conflicts in his life. The results of the mock trial do no break Gene like the do Finny. He has already confronted his jealousy and guilt, and is secure enough to withstand the pain. Likewise, when Gene finally graduates from Devon and enlists in the army, he endures the war without losing his sanity like Leper. Gene is able to do this because he â€Å"already fought [his] war† (204) at Devon. He learned to confront harsh realities, and therefore can overcome them. As an adult, Gene is able to return to Devon content and secure, having made his â€Å"escape from† (10) the fear that plagued his childhood. His ability to confront his wars enable him to mature through them. Devon, Finny, and Gene all transform throughout the story. However, Devon and Finny changed to avoid the war, but Gene changed to grow from it. These transformations and stark difference in their outcomes powerfully convey the importance of unflinchingly confronting wars without and within.

An Overview of Tourettes Syndrome

An Overview of Tourettes Syndrome Tourettes syndrome When you think of Tourettes what comes to mind?   Tourettes is a common disorder which may start in early childhood. This condition is characterized by physical and verbal tics (Tourette Syndrome Fact Sheet). Tourettes syndrome, also known as TS, first presented itself when a man named Georges Gilles De La Tourette wrote a paper on nine people who exhibited in voluntary motor and vocal tics (Georges Gilles de la Tourette). Tourettes association in the study of this disorder led to it being named after him. Georges Giles was born in the small town of Saint Gervals Les Trois Clochers, he was a French neuropsychiatrist and an expert on epilepsy. Georges was known for crazy media coverage where there was an attempt on his life (Georges Gilles de la Tourette). He was shot in 1893 by Rose Kamper, a former patient of his who had made acquisitions of him of hypnotizing her against her will. He recovered from the gun shot, and his attacker was diagnosed with what is now called paranoid schi zophrenia. He is more famously known for publishing the first writings of people who had Tourettes, simply stating that these tics were random and uncontrollable (Georges Gilles de la Tourette). Many speculate but cause of Tourette syndrome is unknown but there is current research that points to abnormalities in the brain (Tourettes Syndrome). Evidence from twin and family studies proposes that TS is an inherited disorder (Tourette Syndrome Fact Sheet). Symptoms are typically noticed in early childhood between the ages of seven and ten. Genetically TS occurs in people from all ethnic groups and age groups, but males have a higher chance of being affected then females. It is estimated that 200,000 Americans have a severe form of TS, and one in 100 display milder and less complex symptoms such as chronic motor or vocal tics (Tourette Syndrome Fact Sheet). Although the DSM-5 does not directly talk about TS, it does mention disorders that are linked to it. Various people can experience additional problems such as obsessive compulsive behavior, characterized by repetitive behaviors, such as hand washing or checking things repetitively and mental acts like praying, and counting (A merican Psychiatric Association ). Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder, described by difficulty concentrating and staying on task; learning disabilities, which include reading, writing and arithmetic difficulties; and even sleeping disorders (Tourettes Syndrome). TS is not a psychological disorder but more of a neuropsychiatric disorder; although they are linked together these disorders can come with Tourettes. But on the other hand not everyone with TS will have disorders other than their tics. What is TS you may ask? TS can be divided into two groups, motor tics, and vocal tics; and in those two groups you can have simple and complex motor or vocal tics. Simple motor tics are sudden, brief, repetitive movements that involve a limited number of muscle groups (Tourette Syndrome Fact Sheet). Some of the more common simple motor tics include eye blinking, facial grimacing, shoulder shrugging, and head or shoulder jerking. Simple vocal tics might include repetitive throat-clearing, sniffing, or grunting sounds (Tourette Syndrome Fact Sheet). Complex tics are distinct, coordinated patterns of movements involving several muscle groups (Tourettes Syndrome). Complex motor tics might include facial grimacing combined with a head twist and a shoulder shrug, sniffing or touching objects, hopping, jumping, bending, or twisting. Simple vocal tics may include throat-clearing, sniffing/snorting, grunting, or even barking. The most intense  Ã‚   tics includes motor movements that cause   self-harm such as punching themselves in the face or vocal tics including coprolalia and echolalia which are uttering swear words and repeating the words or phrases of others (Tourette Syndrome Fact Sheet). Some tics are led by an urge or sensation in the affected muscle group, or a need to complete a tic in a certain way or a certain number of times in order to relieve the urge (Tourette Syndrome Fact Sheet). People with TS can sometimes suppress their tics for a short time, but the effort is similar to that of holding back a sneeze. Eventually tension mounts to the point where the tic escapes. Tics worsen in stressful situations; however, they improve when the person is relaxed or absorbed in an activity. In most cases, tics decrease markedly during sleep (Tourettes Syndrome). How can TS be counteracted? Currently, there is no brain test or laboratory test to convincingly prove someone has TS and when it comes to TS there is no cut in stone medication that will cure this disorder completely. Generally, TS is diagnosed by obtaining a description of the tics and evaluating family history and after verifying, the patient has to have had both motor and vocal tics for at least 1 year. Patients, families and physicians need to determine which set of symptoms is most disabling so that appropriate medications and therapies can be used (Tourettes Syndrome). If symptoms do not impair most patients and development proceeds normally then the majority of people with TS will require no medication. On the other hand, medications are available to help when symptoms interfere with functioning but unfortunately, there is no one medication that helps the same person with TS. Some patients who need medication to reduce the symptoms of their tics may be treated with neurolepti c drugs such as haloperidol and pimozide. These medications are usually given in very small doses that are increased slowly until the best possible balance between symptoms and side effects is achieved (Tourette Syndrome Fact Sheet). The most common side effects of neuroleptics include sedation, weight gain, and cognitive dulling, tremors, dystonic reactions (twisting movements or postures), and parkinsonian-like symptoms. People with TS often live healthy, active lives however; Tourette syndrome frequently involves behavioral and social challenges that can harm your self-image. The biological perspective focuses on genetics and your biological processes influencing your behavior (Rathus ). As stated before TS can come with other disorders such as ADHD and Attention Deficit Disorder, and even Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (Tourette Syndrome Fact Sheet). These disorders can make a person with TS behave differently such as; losing ones temper a lot, anger, difficulty paying attention and controlling impulsive behaviors (Tourette Syndrome Fact Sheet). Traditional behaviorist believed that the environment and also personal experiences influences a persons behavior (Rathus ). Stress can often make TS worse in the fact that it makes the tic more rapid (Tourette Syndrome Fact Sheet).   This can also be due to the persons environment.   This is how TS is related to psychology because it can explain the beh avior of someone with TS and how these disorders are linked together. References   American Psychiatric Association . Diagostic And Statastical Manual of Mental Disorders fith edition. DSM-5. Vol. 5. Arlington: American Psychiatric Publishing, 2013. 5 vols. 237. 1 december 2016. Georges Gilles de la Tourette. 2014. Soylent Communications. 18 October 2016. . Rathus , Spencer A. Psychology principles in practice . Austin, 2003. 4. Textbook. Tourette Syndrome Fact Sheet. Ed. Office of Communications and Public Liaison. 5 October 2005. 18 November 2016. . Tourettes Syndrome. Ed. Sussex Publishers. 1 july 2016. Sussex Publishers. 1 december 2016. . (Tourettes Syndrome) Georges Gilles de la Tourette. 2014. Soylent Communications. 18 October 2016. . Rathus , Spencer A. Psychology principles in practice . Austin, 2003. 4. Textbook. Tourette Syndrome Fact Sheet. Ed. Office of Communications and Public Liaison. 5 October 2005. 18 November 2016. . Tourettes Syndrome. Ed. Sussex Publishers. 1 july 2016. Sussex Publishers. 1 december 2016. . s/tourette-syndrome-fact-sheet/>. http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/tourette-syndrome/symptoms-causes/dxc-20163624 tourettes and the biological theory